Sin orden moral no puede darse desarrollo de la civilización o verdadero progreso. Ahora bien, el orden moral supone la existencia de un valor moral absoluto que no puede ser otro que el amor que Dios se tiene a sí mismo. La ética balmesiana es una ética del amor: la corrección moral de los actos humanos viene definida por su fidelidad al amor y el cumplimiento del deber. Se trata de una ética profundamente humanista que trata de evitar cualquier sombra (...) de egoísmo y utilitarismo. (shrink)

Sin orden moral no puede darse desarrollo de la civilización o verdadero progreso. Ahora bien, el orden moral supone la existencia de un valor moral absoluto que no puede ser otro que el amor que Dios se tiene a sí mismo. La ética balmesiana es una ética del amor: la corrección moral de los actos humanos viene definida por su fidelidad al amor y el cumplimiento del deber. Se trata de una ética profundamente humanista que trata de evitar cualquier sombra (...) de egoísmo y utilitarismo. (shrink)

Nowadays, the quality standards of higher education institutions pay special attention to the performance and evaluation of the students. Then, having a complete academic record of each student, such as number of attempts, average grade and so on, plays a key role. In this context, the existence of missing data, which can happen for different reasons, leads to affect adversely interesting future analysis. Therefore, the use of imputation techniques is presented as a helpful tool to estimate the value of missing (...) data. This work deals with the academic records of engineering students, in which imputation techniques are applied. More specifically, it is assessed and compared to the performance of the multivariate imputation by chained equations methodology, the adaptive assignation algorithm based on multivariate adaptive regression splines and a hybridization based on self-organisation maps with Mahalanobis distances and AAA algorithm. The results show that proposed methods obtain successfully results regardless the number of missing values, in general terms. (shrink)

This paper aims to enhance security in IoT device networks through a visual tool that utilizes three projection techniques, including Beta Hebbian Learning (BHL), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and ISOMAP, in order to facilitate the identification of network attacks by human experts. This work research begins with the creation of a testing environment with IoT devices and web clients, simulating attacks over Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for recording all relevant traffic information. The unsupervised algorithms chosen provide a set (...) of projections that enable human experts to visually identify most attacks in real-time, making it a powerful tool that can be implemented in IoT environments easily. (shrink)

In this paper I propose to conceive of forgiveness as a process of eliminating punitive reactive attitudes, which makes up part of the offended person’s willingness to reestablish a certain type of reciprocal relationship with the offender. Distinguishing among types of reciprocity allows us to realize that forgiveness is a more varied phenomenon than is usually assumed in the philosophical literature, as well as to understand why the dispute concerning the gratuitousnessconditionality of forgiveness is meaningless.

A systematic effort to rethink Freud's theory of the unconscious, aiming to separate out the different forms of unconsciousness.

The current study analyzed the relationship between Coronavirus Awareness, mental health, and willingness to seek professional psychological help. This was made through a quantitative approach, using online questionnaires to collect data from 855 subjects. The questionnaires included the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure mental health indicators, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale–Short Form, and the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-10. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that three factors underlie the CAS-10: Coronavirus Concern, Exaggerated Perception, and Immunity Perception. Results indicate a (...) significant positive correlation between Coronavirus Concern and both general anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms. Immunity Perception is positively related to paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms. A Mediation Analysis determined that Coronavirus Concern has a significant positive direct effect on Openness to Seeking Psychological Treatment, while Exaggerated Perception and Immunity Perception scores have significant direct negative effects on the Value and Need in Seeking Treatment scores. Indirectly, the relationship between Coronavirus Concern and OPST is significantly mediated by anxiety symptoms. Similar results were found for the VNST subscale. There is a negative significant effect of Immunity Perception over OSPT mediated by Paranoid Ideation. However, the overall model only achieved small r2 coefficients for the OSPT and VNST scores. Comparisons in Coronavirus Awareness between sex, age, and the presence of children and older adults at home were also made. These results are discussed regarding their practical implications for mental health providers and policymakers. (shrink)

What happens in the agent that enables her to comply with the legal command or directive? When we perform an action because we are complying with the legal command or directive, are we still active, self-governed autonomous agents? In what sense are we still autonomous agents? The task of this study is to explain what legal authority is and the premise of the study is that this question can only be answered through understanding of how legal authority operates upon the (...) agent: if we recognize that legal commands or directives intervene upon, affect and change the agent’s practical reasoning, then we need to understand and explain how this happens. (shrink)

A literatura chamada de “apocalíptica” tem recebido uma renovada apreciação nos últimos anos. Entretanto, percebe-se certa confusão terminológica que, por fim, leva a uma classificação equivocada do gênero de certos escritos. O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar as conceituações e as expressões literárias da apocalíptica, com o intuito de se chegar a uma definição mais clara do tema, distinguindo apocalipse enquanto gênero literário e apocalíptica enquanto mentalidade , com as formas básicas de expressão literária do gênero e seus paralelos (...) antigos. Assim sendo, o artigo é dividido em duas partes: primeiramente, verificam-se as definições e características atribuídas ao gênero apocalíptico pelos principais autores do tema, especialmente no que se refere aos escritos judaico-cristãos produzidos entre 250 a.C. e 100 d.C.; em seguida, verificam-se os paralelos antigos presentes na literatura de outros povos, como os sumérios, os persas e os gregos. Por fim, faz-se uma breve análise da ocorrência dessa literatura nos Manuscritos do Mar Morto. Isto posto, chega-se à conclusão de que é possível fazer a distinção acima proposta, a qual traz maior clareza na definição e classificação dos escritos ao gênero atribuídos. (shrink)

BackgroundBiobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people’s (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures.MethodsWe designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated (...) via the Young Person’s Advisory Group North England (YPAGne) and participating CYP’s secondary schools. Data were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach by three independent reviewers (including CYP) to identify common themes. Data triangulation occurred independently by a fourth reviewer.ResultsOne hundred two CYP completed the survey. Most were between 16–18 years (63.7%, N = 65) and female (66.7%, N = 68). 72.3% had no prior knowledge of biobanking (N = 73).Acceptability of prospective consent for biobanking was high (91.2%, N = 93) with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘potential benefits outweigh individual risk’, 'frugality', and ‘(in)convenience’.Deferred consent was also deemed acceptable in the large majority (84.3%, N = 86), with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘body integrity’ and ‘sample frugality’. 76.5% preferred to reconsent when cognitively mature enough to give assent (N = 78), even if parental consent was previously in place. 79.2% wanted to be informed if their biobanked biospecimen is reused (N = 80).ConclusionProspective and deferred consent acceptability for biobanking is high among CYP in the UK. Altruism, frugality, body integrity, and privacy are the most important themes. Clear communication and justification are paramount to obtain consent. Any CYP with capacity should be part of the consenting procedure, if possible. (shrink)

International Accountability Standards have proliferated in the last 20 years, with the UN Global Compact as the most widely accepted principle-based standard catalyzing voluntary participation by firms. This study aims to improve understanding about the factors that determine companies’ progress in adopting principle-based standards. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we examine the direct and combined influences of different organizational resources on standard implementation as perceived by 213 Spanish GC signatories. Our results reveal that the level of firm-specific (...) resources has a positive effect on the extent of GC principles implementation and that innovative capability and length of GC participation strengthen this effect. Contrary to our expectations, we find that the internationalization of firms does not have an effect on GC principles implementation. We discuss the implications of these findings for scholars and practicing managers. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Hispanic Utopian Studies and Activism as a PromptJulia Ramírez-Blanco (bio)In the last few years I have come to the Utopian Studies Societýs yearly conference as part of a smaller group, one that has its own parallel history in the left corner of the South of Europe and is networked mostly with Latin America. I am referring to the interdisciplinary research group Histopia, which has its base in Madrid́s (...) Autónoma University, is comprised of twenty-seven researchers from different institutions, and is coordinated by historian Juan Pro. As the name Histopia suggests, it was founded by historians. From the beginning there have been people from other fields, such as political science, architecture, cultural studies, and art history. The aim was always understanding utopianism beyond the study of texts, and centering research in everything that utopianism produces, such as social movements, political programs, and urban programs. In this sense, a premise was to understand utopias not as a footnote in history or a series of eccentric events, but as a guiding force that drives a [End Page 510] history. This placing of utopianism in history was clearly announced in the grouṕs website:Histopia seeks to go beyond the philological approach that predominates in Utopian Studies and to historicize the study of contemporary utopias and dystopias, showing how they respond to the contexts in which they arise, since they reflect the problems and frustrations of a society as well as the aspirations for change it contains, and the conditions of possibility that a particular cultural and emotional framework offers for developing them.1Together with this focus on history, which departs from the more text-centered traditions of an important part of utopian studies, the other main particularity of Histopia is its decentralizing of utopian studies towards the Spanish-speaking world. And to this end, the group also founded the Transatlantic Network for the Study of Utopias, which was created in 2015 to put in communication over 250 researchers, most of them from Latin America, but also from other places such as Australia or Japan.2The Spanish statés research funding programs have provided the bureaucratic framework and the material resources for the research group since 2015. Together with seminars, conferences, or workshops, the resulting publications have been linked with utopian literature, with dystopia, and with a focus on viewing history through the lens of utopia. One of the most recent endeavors has been a radically collective one, articulating a Dictionary of Utopian Places written by a multitude of authors.3 Histopia has also initiated several projects with schools, for the most part ongoing, and there have been many attempts to disseminate its work through radio and video projects. And since its founding, Histopia has tried reaching out beyond the Academy—an effort that is finally gaining success. In 2021 the international conference Intentional Communities: Concrete Utopias in History was extremely fruitful: we saw involved participation both in various interventions, and through activities such as streaming. Participants included people and organizations from social movements and from intentional communities.I want to argue here that the very formation of Histopia was a logical development from certain political triggers—and in particular, the so-called 15M Movement, a series of anti-austerity protests and direct-democracy initiatives that ignited antigovernment activism throughout Spain from 2011 on, culminating in the occupation of urban spaces (“encampments”) and in very large political assemblies. It is not just that the forces of activism were [End Page 511] reignited after 2011, and that its inheritors came together with the Histopia research group; the very existence of Histopia, I am arguing, can be read as a consequence of the 15M encampment and its aftermath.Prefigurative PracticesIn May 2011, following the example of the Arab world, Madrid’s Puerta del Sol was populated by a crowd armed with posters, slogans, and self-made banners. On the inhospitable ground of the square, anonymous persons erected an encampment so complex that it functioned as a miniature city, with spaces for preparing food, for nursery care, for rest, for legal consultation, for anti-racist and/or feminist activity. All work was voluntary, and materials were... (shrink)

Sr. Rector de la Universidad BolivarianaIlustrísimas autoridadesProfesores de la UniversidadMiembros de la Comunidad universitariaRepresentantes de las organizaciones solidariasSeñoras y señoresMe siento profundamente feliz y conmovido. Feliz por haberme abierto las puertas de esta universidad y concederme esta alta distinción que no sólo culmina una amistad sino que inicia un camino de estrecha colaboración y de esperanzas entretejidas. Me honráis compañeros con vuestra acogida a este claust..

A partir del diagnóstico de que la globalización socio-económica y la mundialización cultural están cambiando la forma de vivenciar el mundo, el autor señala que la espiritualidad representa la posibilidad de dar más de sí, y explora desde allí el ecosistema humano, preguntándose si éste puede dar más de sí. Afirma que la espiritualidad requerida por la situación actual se despliega en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía activa.

Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre la construcción de significados e interpretación conjunta de la obra literaria por medios digitales. Para ello, se hace una revisión a la realidad digital de la literatura y sus procesos de recepción: la lectura digital no viene determinada tanto por la naturaleza del texto como por el comportamiento del lector digital. Internet ha facilitado la creación de espacios de afinidad en los que los usuarios pueden reunirse en torno a sus aficiones, intereses u objetivos. Se (...) generan, así, comunidades de lectores en los que debaten, analizan y elaboran fanworks que, en suma, conforman el fandom. Desde esta perspectiva, es la comunidad, como inteligencia colectiva, y no el autor, la que establece los límites de la interpretación textual: decide qué es o no canónico. Todo ello permite llegar a la conclusión de que estas prácticas letradas permiten a los usuarios realizar una lectura virtualmente digital caracterizada por la sincronización y socialización de los procesos de comprensión e interpretación textual. Lo realmente interesante es la construcción del fanon pues se genera una lectura multilineal, hipertextual, transmediática, reactiva, y, sobre todo, consensuada.: This article deals with the construction of meanings and joint interpretation of the literary work by digital means. Thereby, a review of the digital reality of literature and its reception processes are made. Digital reading is not determined as much by the nature of the text as by the behavior of the digital reader. The Internet has facilitated the creation of affinity spaces where users can gather around their hobbies, interests or objectives. Thus, communities of readers are generated to debate, analyze and elaborate fanworks that, in short, make up the fandom. From this perspective, it is the community, as collective intelligence, and not the author, that sets the limits of textual interpretation: they decide what is or is not canonical. All of this allows us to conclude that these literacy practices allow users to perform a virtually digital reading characterized by the synchronization and socialization of the processes of comprehension and textual interpretation. The most interesting issue is the construction of the fanon because it generates a multilinear reading, hypertextual, transmedia, reactive, and, above all, consensus reading. (shrink)

El autor abre una amplia y profunda interrogante sobre la esperanza, recordándonos que en torno a la guerra se elevan las manifestaciones a favor de la paz; teniendo éstas su expresión principal en los foros anti-globalizadores y en los consejos ecuménicos, actuando como una presión desde abajo, que moviliza las conciencias y obliga a la clase política a saldar las cuentas con la voluntad popular. Es la sociedad civil mundial tras nuevas metas de humanización y emancipación, y desarrollo de la (...) conciencia mundial de la interdependencia. Nos propone finalmente que rastrear la esperanza, con sus distintos ropajes, en el interior del conflicto bélico significa reconocer que la historia no está sellada. (shrink)

Uterus transplantation (UTx) research has been introduced in several countries, with trials in Sweden and the United States producing successful outcomes. The growing interest in developing UTx trials in other countries, such as Spain, the Netherlands, Japan, and Australia, raises important questions regarding the ethics of surgical innovation research in the field of UTx. This paper examines the current state of UTx in the context of the surgical innovation paradigm and IDEAL framework and discusses the ethical challenges faced by those (...) considering the introduction of new trials. We argue that UTx remains an experimental procedure at a relatively early stage of the IDEAL framework, especially in the context of de novo trials, where protocols are likely to deviate from those used previously and where researchers are likely to have limited experience of UTx. We conclude that countries considering the introduction of UTx trials should build on the strengths of the reported outcomes to consolidate the evidence base and shed light on the uncertainties of the procedure. Authorities responsible for the ethical governance of UTx trials are advised to draw on the ethical framework used in the oversight of surgical innovation. (shrink)

A wide array of species throughout the animal kingdom has shown the ability to distinguish between quantities. Aside from being important for optimal foraging decisions, this ability seems to also be of great relevance in group-living animals as it allows them to inform their decisions regarding engagement in between-group conflicts based on the size of competing groups. However, it is often unclear whether these animals rely on numerical information alone to make these decisions or whether they employ other cues that (...) may covary with the differences in quantity. In this study we used a touch screen paradigm to investigate the quantity discrimination abilities of two closely related group-living species, wolves and dogs, using a simultaneous visual presentation paradigm. Both species were able to successfully distinguish between stimuli of different quantities up to 32 items and ratios up to 0.80, and their results were in accordance with Weber's law (which predicts worse performances at higher ratios). However, our controls showed that both wolves and dogs may have used continuous, non-numerical cues, such as size and shape of the stimuli, in conjunction with the numerical information to solve this task. In line with this possibility, dogs' performance greatly exceeded that which they had shown in other numerical competence paradigms. We discuss the implications these results may have on these species' underlying biases and numerical capabilities, as well as how our paradigm may have affected the animals' ability to solve the task. (shrink)